The ECT (engine coolant temperature) sensor is designed as an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor.
If the signal from the ECT sensor fails, the cooling fan is on all the time and the A/C (air conditioning) is turned off. When the ignition is switched on, the value from the IAT (intake air temperature) sensor is read. When the engine is running, the temperature is calculated using a temperature map stored in the PCM according to how long the engine has been running. This substitute value is then used as the basis for calculating the injected fuel quantity and the ignition timing.
Ignition coil-on-plug
The resistance in the ignition coil primary circuit cannot be checked using a multimeter because the power output stage is integrated into the ignition coil.